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Table 1.

Summary of related works.

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Fig 1.

Proposed methodology for mental health classification in Thalassemia patients.

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Table 2.

Detailed description of the dataset’s numerical features.

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Fig 2.

3D t-SNE visualization of classification data: class 0 ("Good") vs. class 1 ("Bad").

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Table 3.

Feature selection methods and selected features for the dataset.

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Fig 3.

Feature importance plot based on AMSE-DFI for Thalassemia related mental health patients.

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Table 4.

Model name and hyperparameter optimization.

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Table 5.

Comprehensive performance comparison of ML models under different configurations.

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Fig 4.

Performance comparison of ML and DL models without feature selection.

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Fig 5.

Performance comparison of ML models using different feature selection methods.

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Fig 6.

Performance comparison of ML models using different feature selection methods with SMOTE.

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Fig 7.

(A) AUROC curve, (B) confusion matrix, and (C) log loss curve for the PSO-based LGBM model with SMOTE and AMSE-DFI feature selection.

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Table 6.

Summary of statistical significance tests for top-performing models.

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Fig 8.

Multi-dimensional analysis of mental health status across demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors — (A) Age and gender variation, (B) Diagnosis-based distribution, and (C) Economic class comparison.

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Fig 9.

Multi-dimensional analysis of mental health status across healthcare and functional dimensions — (A) Medical expense distribution by mental health status, and (B) Physical functioning score comparison.

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Fig 10.

LIME tabular explainer plot for predicting mental health status in Thalassemia patients.

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Fig 11.

LIME feature importance plot for predicting mental health status in Thalassemia patients.

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Table 7.

Comparison of methods and accuracy for Thalassemia prediction.

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