Fig 1.
Placement method of the arch support inserts.
Fig 2.
Arch support inserts of varying heights.
(a) No support, (b) Low support, (c) High support.
Fig 3.
Laboratory trajectory of the 45C maneuver.
Fig 4.
Anterior, lateral, and posterior views of a participant with spherical reflective markers and surface EMG electrodes placed according to the standard Gait 2392 marker protocol.
Reflective markers were positioned over the anatomical landmarks required for model scaling and inverse kinematics, and EMG electrodes were attached following SENIAM guidelines. The participant provided written informed consent for publication of the identifiable images.
Fig 5.
Comparison of tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscle activation level obtained by EMG signal and OpenSim optimization algorithm.
Fig 6.
Peak joint angles for the ankle, knee, and hip across three insole conditions (NS, LS and HS).
Source data and complete descriptive statistics for this figure are provided in S1 Data. * Indicates significant differences between the insole conditions (P < 0.05).
Fig 7.
Peak joint moments for the ankle, knee, and hip across three insole conditions (NS, LS and HS).
Source data and complete descriptive statistics for this figure are provided in S1 Data. * Indicates significant differences between the insole conditions (P < 0.05).
Fig 8.
Peak joint contact forces for the ankle, knee, and hip across three insole conditions (NS, LS and HS).
Source data and complete descriptive statistics for this figure are provided in S1 Data. * Indicates significant differences between the insole conditions (P < 0.05).