Fig 1.
CONSORT 2010 flow diagram of the study.
Of the 45 patients assessed for eligibility, 5 were excluded (3 did not meet inclusion criteria, 2 declined to participate). Forty patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the experimental group (n = 20) or the control group (n = 20). All patients received the allocated intervention, no losses to follow-up or discontinuations occurred, and all participants were included in the final analysis.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study sample.
Table 2.
Primary motor outcomes measure at T0 (baseline) and T1 (post-treatment). Data are presented as means ± standard deviations for normally distributed variables and medians (first and third quartiles) for non-normally distributed variables.
Table 3.
Secondary outcomes measure at T0 (baseline) and T1 (post-treatment). Data are presented as means ± standard deviations for normally distributed variables and medians (first and third quartiles) for non-normally distributed variables.
Fig 2.
Comparison between baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) values in the experimental group for gait and balance variables.
Bars represent the median, error bars indicate the interquartile range (IQR). Asterisks denote statistically significant differences between T0 and T1 (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).Legend: SP/R = Stance Phase Right; SP/L = Stance Phase Left; SwP/R = Swing Phase Right; SwP/L = Swing Phase Left; CT = Cadence; AGS = Average Gait Speed; SW = Step Width; GDI/R = Gait Deviation Index Right; GDI/L = Gait Deviation Index Left; GPS/R = Gait Profile Score Right; GPS/L = Gait Profile Score Left; SL/R = Step Length Right; SL/L = Step Length Left; CoPL = Center of pressure- Path length; CoPV = Center of pressure- Average velocity; EA = Ellipse; FFR = Foot Force Right; FFL = Foot Force Left; CoPL-CE = Center of pressure- Path Length- closed eyes; CoPV- CE = Center of pressure- average velocity- closed eyes; EA- CE = Ellipse- closed eyes; FFR- CE = Foot Force Right- closed eyes; FFL-CE = Foot Force Left- closed eyes.