Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
Fig 1.
Functional connectivity matrix area mapping of the subject during the resting state.
Compared with that in the healthy control group, the FC in the FM group was altered. MFGorb, medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus; CAL, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex; IFGtri, triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus; CUN, cuneus; LING, lingual gyrus; SOG, superior occipital gyrus; INS, insula; ACC, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri; CAU, caudate nucleus; ROL, rolandic operculum; PUT, lenticular nucleus, putamen; PAL, lenticular nucleus, pallidum; SMG, supramarginal gyrus; THA, thalamus; HES, Heschl’s gyrus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; OLF, olfactory cortex; CAU, caudate nucleus.
Fig 2.
Group differences in graph theory features.
(A) Regions with significant between-group differences in the clustering coefficient; (B) Brain regions with differences in characteristic path length; (C) Brain regions with differences in nodal efficiency; (D) Brain regions with differences in nodal local efficiency; (E) Brain regions with differences in degree centrality; (F) Brain regions with differences in betweenness centrality. SMA: supplementary motor area; MCC, middle cingulate cortex; MOG, middle occipital gyrus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; ANG, angular gyrus; PCL, paracentral lobule; HES, Heschl’s gyrus; MTGp, middle temporal gyrus of temporal pole; IFGtri, triangular par of inferior frontal gyrus; SMG, supramarginal gyrus. The red nodes represent the regions showing abnormally high nodal properties in the FM, and the blue nodes represent regions showing lower nodal properties in the FM than in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Red, increased; Blue, decreased.
Fig 3.
Four distinct functional states identified by k-means cluster analysis and corresponding cluster centroids.
(A) Group centroid matrices for each state. (B) Matrix plot of significant dynamic functional network connectivity differences between the fibromyalgia and healthy control groups (P < 0.05). VIN, visual network; SEN, sensory–motor network; AUN, auditory network; DAN, dorsal attention network; VAN, ventral attention network; FPN, frontoparietal network; DMN, default mode network. Red, increased; Blue, decreased.
Fig 4.
Comparisons of nodal properties of dynamic functional network connectivity.
(A) Differences in the degree centrality of dFNC among FM and HC. (B) Differences in the nodal efficiency of dFNC among FM and HC. (C) Differences in the nodal local efficiency of dFNC among FM and HC. FM, fibromyalgia; HC, healthy control. VIN, visual network; SEN, sensory–motor network; AUN, auditory network; DAN, dorsal attention network; VAN, ventral attention network; FPN, frontoparietal network; DMN, default mode network. *P < 0.05.
Fig 5.
Brain regions with altered DTI characteristics in FM patients compared with healthy controls.
(A) The brain regions exhibiting notable disparities in FA. (B) The brain regions exhibiting notable disparities in MD. (C) The brain regions exhibiting notable disparities in AD patients. (D) The brain regions exhibiting notable disparities in RD patients. DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FM, fibromyalgia; HC, healthy control; SMA, supplementary motor area; CAL, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex; LING, lingual gyrus; PCL, paracentral lobule; PUT, putamen; PAL, pallidum. *q < 0.05, **q < 0.01, ***q < 0.001.
Table 2.
Classification efficiency of different combinations of features combined with machine learning.
Fig 6.
The classification efficiency of imaging features combined with machine learning, as indicated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
(A) Diagnostic classification efficiency of graph theory features; (B) Diagnostic classification efficiency of DTI features. (C) The importance of the 10 features in the diagnostic classification model constructed by combining DTI features with SVM. AUC, area under the curve; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; SVM, support vector machine; RF, random forest; AD, axial diffusivity; MD, mean diffusivity; RD, radial diffusivity; MFGorb, medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus; FG, Fusiform gyrus; MTGp, middle temporal gyrus of temporal pole; PAL, lenticular nucleus, pallidum; ITG, Inferior temporal gyrus; STG, superior temporal gyrus.