Table 1.
Vaccination coverage, infant mortality and GDP per capita by income level.
Fig 1.
Global trends in average coverage of routine childhood vaccines, 2010-2023.
Lines represent annual mean coverage (%) for BCG, DTP3 (referred as DTPCV3), HepB3, Hib3, MCV2 and Pol3 across all countries included in the analysis.
Table 2.
Regression analysis of infant mortality by income level and vaccination coverage.
Fig 2.
Association between routine childhood vaccination coverage and infant mortality at the global level, 2010–2023.
Each point represents a country-year observation. The black line represents locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (⍴) and p-values quantify the strength and statistical significance of the association between vaccination coverage and infant mortality. Points are colored by World Bank income classification.
Fig 3.
Distribution of routine childhood vaccination coverage by national income level across six antigens.
Alluvial plots illustrate the distribution of countries according to vaccination coverage categories (low, medium and high) and World Bank income classification (low, lower-middle, upper-middle and high income) for six routine childhood vaccines (BCG, DTPCV3, HepB3, Hib3, MCV2 and Pol3) (S5a-S5d Tables, S8a-S8d Tables and S1-S6 Figs in S1 File). The width of each category represents the proportion of countries within each coverage-income combination.