Fig 1.
The procedure of measurement and sEMG-signal preprocessing.
MVC = maximum voluntary contraction, SCM- sternocleidomastoid, SPL- splenius capitis, E-extension, F-flexion, LR-left rotation, RR-right rotation, LLF-left lateral flexion, RLF-right lateral flexion. CD = eyes-closed and dynamic surface, CS = eyes-closed and stable surface, OD = eyes-open and dynamic surface, OS = eyes-open and stable surface.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the thirty-nine participants.
Fig 2.
The red dashed line in the figure represents the mean, while the solid black line represents the median. MVC% = the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction, CD = eyes-closed and dynamic surface, CS = eyes-closed and stable surface, OD = eyes-open and dynamic surface, OS = eyes-open and stable surface.
Table 2.
The results of the two-factor repeated measures ANOVA.
Table 3.
The results of main effect analysis and mean between-condition differences (95% CI).
Table 4.
The results of simple effect analysis of right rotation and mean between-condition differences (95% CI).