Fig 1.
Participant flow diagram (According to CONSORT 2025 Guidelines) [16].
Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up demographic and clinical characteristics of participants by group.
Fig 2.
Test within and between-subject effect changes in outcomes.
Note: Adjusted changes in HOMA-IR (A), fasting blood sugar (B), systolic blood pressure (C), and diastolic blood pressure (D) following aerobic–resistance (CART), resistance–aerobic (CRAT), and control (COT) interventions. Data were adjusted for covariates, with covariates evaluated at the following value: average daily energy intake = 2431.0959 kcal. Results are presented as mean ± SE, with significant within-group and between-group differences indicated (p < 0.05).
Table 2.
Test between-subject effect changes in outcomes within treatment groups.