Fig 1.
Survey map representing stations for 2019 (green, n = 33), 2021 (orange, n = 42), and stations sampled in both years (purple, n = 11 stations from 2019 were sampled again in 2021). Regions are in bold. See Table 1 for detailed locations. Map created with permission (Schlitzer, Reiner, Ocean Data View, https://odv.awi.de, 2021.).
Table 1.
2019 OceanMet summary.
Fig 2.
2019 Phytoplankton fatty acid summary.
Summary of the phytoplankton fatty acid sums and biomarkers, gathered from surface (A) and subsurface-chlorophyll maximum (SCM) (B) waters from July 10 – September 3, 2019. Fatty acid sums are grouped by OceanMet group and averaged (±SE) across saturated fatty acids (SFA%; no sig. differences), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA%; no sig. differences). Tukey comparisons (lowercase letters) indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences among groups.
Fig 3.
Fatty acid and lipid biomarkers plotted on a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot and grouped by OceanMet (dotted blue lines) for surface (A) and subsurface-chlorophyll maximum (SCM) (B) waters from July 10 – September 3, 2019. OceanMet groups are also listed by shorthand area name (Table 1). Biomarkers include total lipids (mg/g), PUFA/SFA, ω3, ω6, bacterial (i15:0, ai15:0, 15:0, 15:1, i16:0, ai16:0, i17:0, ai17:0, 17:0, 17:1, and 18:1ω6), diatom (16:1ω7/16:0), flagellate (C18PUFA/C16PUFA), DHA/EPA (dinoflagellates) and coastal margin (18:3ω3 + 18:2ω6).
Fig 4.
Matrix depicting positive (orange) and negative (green) correlations among oceanic measurements (bottom depth, temperature, salinity, light transmission, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, nitrate sensor, nitrate + nitrite, silicate, phosphate, and ammonium), and a lipid class condition metric, fatty acid saturation summaries, and fatty acid biomarkers. Bubble size represents the number of significant correlations, ranging from one to four, found across either 2019 or 2021, or across surface or subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) waters. Supplemental S4 Tables and S9 separate correlations into 2019 Surface, 2019 SCM, 2021 Surface, and 2021 SCM, and include numerical correlation values. Biomarkers bacterial (i15:0, ai15:0, 15:0, 15:1, i16:0, ai16:0, i17:0, ai17:0, 17:0, 17:1, and 18:1ω6), diatom (16:1ω7/16:0), flagellate (C18PUFA/C16PUFA), DHA/EPA (dinoflagellates) and coastal margin (18:3ω3 + 18:2ω6).
Table 2.
2021 OceanMet summary.
Fig 5.
2021 Phytoplankton fatty acid summary.
Summary of the phytoplankton fatty acid sums and biomarkers, gathered from surface (A) and subsurface-chlorophyll maximum (SCM) (B) waters from August 15 – October 4, 2021. Fatty acid sums are grouped by OceanMet group and averaged (±SE) across saturated fatty acids (SFA%; no sig. differences), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA%; no sig. differences). Tukey comparisons (lowercase letters) indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences among groups.
Fig 6.
Fatty acid and lipid biomarkers plotted on a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot, and grouped by OceanMet (dotted blue lines) for surface (A) and subsurface-chlorophyll maximum (SCM) (B) waters from August 15 – October 4, 2021. OceanMet groups are also listed by shorthand area name (Table 2). Biomarkers include total lipids (mg/g), PUFA/SFA, ω3, ω6, bacterial (i15:0, ai15:0, 15:0, 15:1, i16:0, ai16:0, i17:0, ai17:0, 17:0, 17:1, and 18:1ω6), diatom (16:1ω7/16:0), flagellate (C18PUFA/C16PUFA), DHA/EPA (dinoflagellates) and coastal margin (18:3ω3 + 18:2ω6).