Fig 1.
Mean Squared Error (MSE) and absolute bias of the classical and proposed mean estimators relative to the empirical sample mean for the TSPD (,
).
Fig 2.
Estimated probabilities , literature-based
, and empirical values
) across varying sample sizes (left), with corresponding absolute errors (right).
Table 1.
Estimation of on a real dataset: comparison between the proposed and classical methods.