Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and genetic parameters of parental genotypes and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) evaluated across three years for agronomic traits: plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelets per spike (SPS); and kernel traits: thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel thickness (KT).
Fig 1.
Histogram of frequency distributions for (a) Plant height (PH), (b) Spike length (SL), (c) Spikelet per spike (SLS) (d) Kernel Length (KL) (e) Kernel Weight (KW) (f) Kernel Thickness (KT), (g) Thousand kernel weight (TKW) in the RILs grown at ICAR-IARI across the years.
Fig 2.
Genetic correlation coefficients among agronomic traits [plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelets per spike (SPS)] and kernel traits [thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel thickness (KT)] in the RIL population evaluated at ICAR-IARI during 2021–2024.
Significant values at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.
Table 2.
List of QTLs identified for Agro-morphological traits such as Plant Height (PH), Spike Length (SL), Spikelet Per Spike (SPS).
Fig 3.
Genetic linkage map illustrating the locations of QTLs detected in the A, B, and D genomes of the RIL population derived from the cross HD2932 × Synthetic 46. QTLs were identified for plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelets per spike (SPS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel thickness (KT) on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, and 3D.
Fig 4.
Genetic linkage map showing the QTL locations identified in the A, B, and D genomes of the RIL population developed from the cross between HD2932 and Synthetic 46.
QTLs associated with plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelets per spike (SPS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel thickness (KT) were mapped on chromosomes 4A, 4B, 5A, 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, and 7D.
Table 3.
List of QTLs identified for kernel quality traits, Thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), and kernel thickness (KT).
Table 4.
List of candidate genes located in the region of identified QTLs/flanking regions of markers for Agro-morphological and kernel quality traits of wheat.