Table 1.
Examples of the category of serious circumstances of punitive damages for intellectual property infringements (partial).
Table 2.
Main categories for the spindle code formation.
Fig 1.
Key elements of the serious circumstances determinations of punitive damages for intellectual property infringement based on grounded theory.
Fig 2.
Proportion of different types of cases.
Table 3.
The frequency and proportion of serious circumstances considered by judges when applying punitive damages.
Table 4.
The frequency and proportion of serious circumstances considered by the judge when determining the multiple of punitive damages(Number, Proportion).
Table 5.
Ordering of punitive-damages purposes across IP case types.