Fig 1.
Flow diagram for literature review.
Table 1.
Search string.
Table 2.
PICOS criteria for inclusion of studies.
Fig 2.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Table 3.
Quality of studies assessed using the crowe critical appraisal tool (CCAT).
Table 4.
Characteristics of the studies.
Fig 3.
Geographical distribution by Country.
Fig 4.
Publication trends from 2015 to 2025.
Table 5.
Journals and year of publication distribution.
Table 6.
Characteristics of core Space Syntax metrics.
Table 7.
Range of intelligibility values.
Table 8.
The influence of space syntax metrics on tourist behavior.
Table 9.
The impact of tourist perception on behavioral outcomes.
Table 10.
The relationship between garden spatial configuration and tourist behavior.
Fig 5.
Space syntax and tourist outcomes.
Fig 6.
Structure–Perception–Behavior (SPB) framework.
Table 11.
Comparison of urban spaces and behavioral outcomes across different scales of study.