Fig 1.
Site location and engineering conditions of the studied bank slope.
(A) Location map of the project area along the Yangtze River in Chongqing. (B-D) Photographs showing typical failure modes of the existing reinforced soil retaining wall, including erosion of the backfill material, rupture of the reinforcing elements, and loosening of the panel connectors. (E-F) Emergency stabilization measures using rock dumping. (G) Geological cross-section of the slope after implementation of the pile-sheet reinforcement system.
Fig 2.
Reservoir water level time series and its generalized trend from February 2022 to March 2023.
Fig 3.
On-site monitoring system of pile–sheet structure.
(A) Layout of surface displacement monitoring points. (B) Structural composition of an earth pressure gauge. (C) Installation method of an earth pressure gauge. (D) Profile layout of earth pressure gauges. (E) Schematic elevation layout of earth pressure gauges. (F) Field installation of earth pressure gauges. (G) Profile layout of rebar stress gauges along the pile depth. (H) Schematic diagram of rebar stress gauges in cross-section. (I) Schematic diagram of rebar stress gauge installation method. (J) Field installation of rebar stress gauges.
Fig 4.
Response of pile head displacement and slope settlement to reservoir water level fluctuations.
Fig 5.
Earth pressure distribution behind test piles K1 and K2.
Fig 6.
Temporal evolution of earth pressure at different points on test piles K1 and K2 during reservoir water level fluctuations.
Fig 7.
Bending moment distribution along the pile depth.
Fig 8.
Temporal variation of bending moments in response to reservoir water level fluctuations.
Table 1.
Physical and mechanical parameters of the geomaterials and structural elements.
Fig 9.
Numerical model of the slope–pile–sheet structure system.
Fig 10.
Comparative diagram of pile bending moment distribution under the 169 m water level condition.
Fig 11.
Comparative diagram of pile shear force distribution under the 169 m water level condition.
Fig 12.
Comparative diagram of earth pressure distribution behind pile K1 under the 169 m water level condition.