Fig 1.
Characteristics and dimensions of a vessel, used in this paper.
Table 1.
Summary of the sample of vessels used to measure the displacement, with the range of length overall (LOA), average LOA, average maximum deadweight tonnage (DWT) from the AIS data, and average displacement (kg) from data collected online. Associated standard deviation (SD) is presented.
Fig 2.
Distribution of vessel length overall (m) by vessel type, ordered by the median, from the data set used in this study to find the correlation between length overall and displacement.
The dark circles represent samples from static AIS data and the orange triangles are samples from online sources.
Table 2.
Equations used to estimate vessel displacement (Δ) from deadweight tonnage (DWT) in tonnes (1000 kg), based on vessel type and average vessel length overall (LOA) in meters. Equations sourced from Papanikolaou [13] (Table 2.1 and appendices, referring to Kalokairinos et al. [18] and IHS Fairplay [19]) and expressed to isolate the displacement variable.
Table 3.
Intercept and slope coefficients from the regression model, with associated standard error (SE). Final equations describing the ship displacement (Δ) (kg) with the length overall (LOA) (m), by vessel type as power functions.
Fig 3.
Regressions of the log of vessel displacement (kg) by the log of vessel length overall (m), for each vessel type, with the 95% confidence interval shaded in grey.
The dark circles represent samples from static AIS data and the orange triangles are samples from online sources (when applicable).
Fig 4.
The probability of lethality, calculated using the biophysical model, for six vessel types, with a flared bow, navigating at 10 and 20 kn, and with a length overall of 10, 20, 50, and 100 m.