Fig 1.
Geographical locations and key information of study cities.
Fig 2.
Multi-scale analytical framework for spatial patterns and driving mechanisms.
Fig 3.
Kernel density estimation results show a “single hot core” pattern in all five cities.
Fig 4.
GWR results of road network density.
Fig 5.
GWR results of population density.
Fig 6.
GWR results of GDP.
Fig 7.
Proportion of different land use categories involved in demolition.
Table 1.
Overview of demolition projects in five cities (2000–2025).
Table 2.
Typology of demolition.
Fig 8.
Urban demolition complex systems.