Fig 1.
A map showing the location of Jaljulia and other relevant sites mentioned in the text.
All but Qesem Cave represent Acheulian sites, Tabun represent both Acheulian and Achelo-Yabrudian layers.
Fig 2.
A: Excavated localities A–E and G; B: close-up of locality B; C: close-up of locality A.
Fig 3.
Stratigraphy of the site of Jaljulia as displayed in all sampled sections, as well as the sampling locations for absolute dating and for paleomagnetic stratigraphy.
Note, that locality G has not yet been analyzed and therefore is not part of the current lithic study [113].
Table 1.
Excavation and assemblage’s details [113].
Table 2.
General breakdown of the lithic assemblage of localities A–C.
Table 3.
General breakdown of the lithic assemblage of localities D and E.
Table 4.
Breakdown of core types.
Fig 4.
Single platform cores from locality B.
Fig 5.
Single-platform cores from locality B.
Fig 6.
Prepared cores from locality B: proto-Levallois (A, B), discoid cores (C, D) and prepared cores (general) (E, F).
Table 10.
Composition of biface types from all localities.
Fig 7.
A: A handaxe transformed into a prepared core from Jaljulia.
Evidence for the first life-cycle of the item as a handaxe is found on the striking platform of the core (left image), and only minimally on the production platform (middle image), characterized by a series of flat multi-directional removals. Two main large items (one with blade proportion) and one small flake were removed from the handaxe (marked by arrows). The scars can be seen to have cut the previous bifacial shaping scars at the tip of the handaxe (marked with a circle). B: A handaxe with isolated flake removal from Jaljulia. Both faces are characterized by flat multi-directional removals. Additionally, a bifacial ridge is clearly observed on both lateral edges. One large flake was removed from the handaxe (marked by an arrow). The scar can be seen to have cut the previous bifacial shaping scars (marked with a circle).
Table 5.
Breakdown of COFs types from all localities.
Fig 8.
Cores on flakes from locality B, ventral single (A, B, D) and ventral multiple (C).
Cores on flake from locality D, ventral single (E, F). Note the arrow is pointing to the place where the items were removed from the parent flake.
Table 6.
Breakdown of CTE items from all localities.
Fig 9.
Éclats débordant CTEs from Jaljulia.
The bulb of percussion is highlighted by a blue line. A–D: Éclats débordant; E: Outrepassé. Note that for this item, both the lateral and distal ridge of the core have been removed.
Table 7.
Striking platform preparation of prepared core blanks from Locality B.
Fig 10.
Flakes produced from prepared cores.
The bulb of percussion is highlighted by a blue line.
Fig 11.
Blanks produced from COF, regular items (A–C) and lateral item (D).
Note the patina differences between the two ventral faces of the item (D).
Table 8.
Breakdown of blanks produced from COF from all localities.
Fig 12.
Flakes from locality B.
Table 9.
Composition of shaped items from all five localities.
Fig 13.
Shaped items from locality B: scraper (A, D), retouched flake (B), burin (C), notch (E), and truncation (F).
Fig 14.
Shaped items from locality B: scraper (A, C, D, G, H), notch (B, E), Awl-Borer (F).
Fig 15.
Scrapers with Quina-like retouch.
Fig 16.
Scans of handaxes from Jaljulia localities A (A), B (B), and D (C, D).
Table 11.
Breakdown of tool waste in all five assemblages.
Table 12.
Comparison of prepared cores from other Acheulian sites: Revadim [77,145,146]; Holon [147]; Berkhat Ram [143] and Gesher Benot Ya`aqov [7].
Fig 17.
Blade core (A) and unretouched blades (B,C).