Table 1.
Physicochemical properties and CLD concentrations of the soils used in the experiment.
Fig 1.
Experimental design.
Table 2.
Relative environmental availability (REA) of nitisol and andosol over the kinetic.
Fig 2.
Principal component analysis (PCA2) of the soil parameters measured for (A) each modality and (B) the incubation duration.
Points represent the coordinates of each individual sample according to the 2 dimensions of PCA2 (red: ACD; green: BCS; blue: UA or red: t0; violet: t7; orange: t14; green: t28; blue: t63; pink: t98 green-brown: t147 and cyan: t360). TC = HWC, TN = HWN. Confidence ellipses (95%) were plotted for each treatment.
Fig 3.
Principal component analysis (PCA3) generated from the soil parameters measured for (A) each modality and (B) the incubation duration.
Points represent the coordinates of each individual samples according to the 2 dimensions of PCA2 (red: ACD; green: BCS; blue: UA or red: t0; violet: t7; orange: t14; green: t28; blue: t63; pink: t98; green-brown: t147 and cyan: t360). TC = HWC, TN = HWN. Confidence ellipses (95%) were plotted for each treatment.
Table 3.
Impact of Sargassum spp. biochar and activated carbon amendment on nutrients and phytoavailable trace elements in Andosol.
Table 4.
Impact of Sargassum spp. biochar and activated carbon amendment on nutrients and phytoavailable trace elements in Nitisol.
Fig 4.
Impact of Sargassum spp. biochar and activated carbon amendment on the carbon and nitrogen contents of Andosol.
UA: unamended soil. BCS: Biochar of Sargassum spp.. ACD: Activated Carbon DARCO®. ST: Short-term (Days 0, 7 and 14), MT: Medium-term (Days 28, 63, 98 and 147), LT: Long term (Day 360). The values correspond to the mean ± SE (n = 4). Mean values with different superscripted letters for the same phase are statistically different (p-value < 0.05) between modalities (ANOVA test).
Fig 5.
Impact of Sargassum spp. biochar and activated carbon amendment on carbon and nitrogen contents in Nitisol.
UA: unamended soil. BCS: Biochar of Sargassum spp.. ACD: Activated Carbon DARCO®. STN: Short-term (Days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 63), MTN: Medium-term (Days 98 and 147), LTN: Long term (Day 360). The values correspond to the mean ± SE (n = 4). Mean values with different superscripted letters for the same phase are statistically different (p-value < 0.05) between modalities (ANOVA test).
Fig 6.
Enzymatic activities of (A) β-glucosidase, (B) β-xylosidase, (C) arylsulfatase and (C) leucine aminopeptidases in Andosol.
UA: unamended soil. BCS: Biochar of Sargassum spp.. ACD: Activated Carbon DARCO®. ST: Short-term (Days 0, 7 and 14), MT: Medium-term (Days 28, 63, 98 and 147), LT: Long term (Day 360). DM: soil dry matter. The values correspond to the mean ± SE (n = 4). Mean values with different superscripted letters for the same day are statistically different (p-value < 0.05) between modalities (ANOVA test).
Fig 7.
Nitisol enzymatic activities (A)β-glucosidase, (B) β-Xylosidase, (C) Arylsulfatase and (C) Leucine aminopeptidases.
UA: unamended soil. BCS: Biochar of Sargassum spp.. ACD: Activated Carbon DARCO®. STN: Short-term Nitisol (Days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 63), MTN: Medium-term Nitisol (Days 98 and 147), LTN: Long term Nitisol (Day 360). DM: soil dry matter. The values correspond to the mean ± SE (n = 4). Mean values with different superscripted letters for the same day are statistically different (p-value < 0.05) between modalities (ANOVA test).