Fig 1.
Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook, Percent increase over last year.
Source: United States Department of Agriculture (2023), “Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook: January 2023”. Economic Research Service retrieved from FRED, Fderal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Available at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/outlooks/105645/ldp-m-343.pdf?v=4870.7.
Fig 2.
Average egg price, Grade A, large (Cost per dozen) in U.S. city average.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Average Price: Eggs, Grade A, Larg (Cost per Doze) in U.S. City Average [APU0000708111], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Available at: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU000708111.
Fig 3.
Monthly bird losses for all commercial layers in the U.S.
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2023c. Quick Stats. Washingtong, DC: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Available at: https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics.
Table 2.
Estimates of d in a model given by (10). Series: Average Egg Price.
Table 3.
Estimates of d in a model given by (10). Series: Producer Price Index.
Table 4.
Breitung and Candelon frequency domain causality test results.
Table 5.
FCVAR results.