Fig 1.
BIM based fire evacuation model for shopping centers.
Table 1.
Material properties and parameters.
Table 2.
One-way ANOVA results table of key indicators under different grid scales.
Fig 2.
Variation of fire product yields under different grid sizes.
Fig 3.
Distribution of fire sources and staircases in a shopping center.
Fig 4.
Simulation results of smoke temperature variation across floors in the shopping center.
Fig 5.
Simulation results of CO concentration variation across floors in the shopping center.
Fig 6.
Simulation results of visibility variation across floors in the shopping center.
Table 3.
Parameters of Evacuees in a Shopping Mall.
Fig 7.
Curve of the Number of Evacuees on Each Floor of a Shopping Mall Changing with Time.
Fig 8.
Curve of the Number of Evacuated and Un – evacuated People Changing in a Shopping Mall.
Fig 9.
Curve diagram of the variation of pedestrian flow rate with time at each exit of a shopping mall.
Fig 10.
Available safe evacuation time in a fire.
Fig 11.
Simulation Results of Visibility Changes at Stairway Entrances on Each Floor.
Fig 12.
Usage of Each Staircase for Personnel Evacuation.
Table 4.
Fire evacuation safety performance analysis results for the shopping mall.
Fig 13.
Curve of the Number of Evacuees on Each Floor of a Shopping Mall Changing with Time after Optimization.
Table 5.
Analysis results of safety performance of each staircase on the first and second floors of a shopping mall after optimization of personnel evacuation plan.
Fig 14.
Safety Margins of Each Staircase on the First Floor after Optimization of Personnel Evacuation Plan.
Fig 15.
Safety Margins of Each Staircase on the Second Floor after Optimization of Personnel Evacuation Plan.
Fig 16.
Curve diagram of the variation of pedestrian flow rate with time at each exit after optimization of the personnel evacuation scheme.