Fig 1.
Manufacturing process of geopolymer concrete.
Table 1.
Summary of recent literature studies on LCS of FA and SF-based GPC.
Table 2.
Chemical composition of SF, FA, and OPC.
Table 3.
Mix design proportions for FA-SF-based GPC.
Fig 2.
Experimental testing setup for FA and SF-based GP-Mortar: (a) Compressive strength; (b) Splitting Tensile Strength; (c) Residual Flexural; (d) Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV).
Fig 3.
(a) 10 mm steel bar and (b) Weight loss of the steel bar to evaluate corrosion.
Fig 4.
A comprehensive schematic research methodology was adopted for the ANN model.
Fig 5.
Structure of the ANN model.
Fig 6.
Flow of geopolymer composite mortar.
Fig 7.
Slump flow results of FA and SF-based GPC mixes.
Fig 8.
Residual flexural strength (RFS) of OPC and FA-SF-based GPC mixes.
Fig 9.
Training and validation plots of actual vs predicted values: (a, b) UPV (Km/s); (c, d) CS (MPa); (e, f) STS (MPa); (g, h) CO2 emission (kg/m3).
Fig 10.
Training and validation plots of residual vs predicted values: (a, b) UPV (Km/s); (c, d) CS (MPa); (e, f) STS (MPa); (g, h) CO2 emission (kg/m3).
Fig 11.
Prediction profiler between the multiple parameters vs seven different variables.
Fig 12.
Interaction plot of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) vs different inputs.
Fig 13.
Interaction plot of compressive strength (CS) vs different inputs.
Fig 14.
Interaction profiler plot of splitting tensile strength (STS) vs different inputs.
Fig 15.
Interaction plot of carbon emission (CO2) with respect to seven different variables.
Fig 16.
Comparison of CO2 emissions and control costs for each GPC mix.
Fig 17.
Average SHAP values predicted through ANNs for the twelve inputs vs four responses.
Table 4.
Flow table results of FA and SF-based geopolymer concrete mixes.
Table 5.
Mass loss measurements of the steel bar for GPC.
Table 6.
Statistical outcomes of the ANN model.
Table 7.
Unit emission (Kg CO2/kg) and unit cost ($/ton) values of the raw materials.
Table 8.
Unit emission (Kg CO2/kg) and unit cost ($/ton) values of the raw materials.
Table 9.
CO2 emission of FA-SF-based GPC (unit: Kg CO2/m3).
Table 10.
Cost analysis of FA-SF-based GPC (unit: $/m3).
Table 11.
Ranked feature importance based on mean |SHAP| values.