Table 1.
Predictors (Germany and synthetic Germany) for per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources.
Fig 1.
Germany vs synthetic Germany, per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources.
Notes: The blue line represents the per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources of Germany, while the red line represents the per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources of the synthetic Germany. The shaded area [27] is built by adding and subtracting to the outcome of the synthetic Germany one standard deviation of the difference between the outcome of Germany and synthetic Germany before the introduction of the policy.
Fig 2.
Difference between Germany and synthetic Germany, per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources and its composition: gas, coal, and oil.
Note: See S2 Fig for individual sources synthetic control (coal, gas, oil).
Fig 3.
Difference between Germany and synthetic Germany, per capita electricity produced (kWh) from nuclear, gas, coal, oil and renewable energy sources.
Note: See S3 Fig for individual enery sources synthetic control (nuclear, gas, coal, oil, renewable).
Table 2.
Placebo tests for per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources.
Fig 4.
Germany vs synthetic Germany, per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources, placebo in time: policy intervention estimated in 2000, 2007, 2008, 2009.
Notes: The blue line represents the per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources of Germany, while the the red line represents the per capita carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources of the synthetic Germany. The shaded area [27] is built by adding and subtracting to the outcome of the synthetic Germany one standard deviation of the difference between the outcome of Germany and synthetic Germany before the introduction of the policy.
Fig 5.
Difference between Germany and the synthetic Germany, excluding one country for each specification.