Fig 1.
Domestic rice consumption versus (milled) rice production in the Philippines between 2012 and 2022.
Supply (SU) Production reflects domestic rice production while Utilization (UT) Total Net Food Disposable reflects rice used in its original form for human consumption. Stagnation in domestic production is highlighted from 2017-2018. Figure was produced by authors using data from the Philippines Statistics Authority [17].
Fig 2.
Regional differences in total palay (unmilled rice) production from 2013 to 2023.
Spatial distribution of total palay production for 2023 generated using QGIS v3.38. The National Capital Region (NCR) located on Luzon Island is excluded as it is not documented with (unmilled) rice production statistical data. Figure was produced by authors using data from the Philippine Statistics Authority [19]. Larger version of the spatial map can be found in S1 Fig.
Fig 3.
Regional differences in total harvested land for palay (unmilled rice) production from 2013 to 2023.
Spatial distribution of total harvested land for palay production for 2023 generated using QGIS v3.38. The National Capital Region (NCR) located on Luzon Island is excluded as it is not documented with (unmilled) rice production statistical data. Figure was produced by authors using data from the Philippine Statistics Authority [21]. Larger version of the spatial map can be found in S2 Fig.
Fig 4.
Regional differences in yield for palay (unmilled rice) production from 2013 to 2023.
Spatial distribution of yield for palay production for 2023 generated using QGIS v3.38. The National Capital Region (NCR) located on Luzon Island is excluded as it is not documented with (unmilled) rice production statistical data. Figure was produced by authors using data from the Philippine Statistics Authority [19,21]. Larger version of the spatial map can be found in S3 Fig.
Fig 5.
Relative changes in regional total palay production, area harvested, and yield-per-harvest in all ecosystems.
Relative changes documented between 2018 and 2023. The National Capital Region (NCR) located on Luzon Island is excluded as it is not documented with (unmilled) rice production statistical data. Figure was produced by authors using data from the Philippine Statistics Authority [19,21].