Table 1.
Participant demographics. * P-values were determined using Fisher-Freeman-Halton test when contingency tables are larger than 2 × 2.
Fig 1.
Self-rated psychological well-being and physical health of healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gray ribbons show how rating changed, with ribbon width representing the proportion of participants in each category.
Fig 2.
Distribution of participant responses for engaging in positive health behaviors during the pandemic.
Fig 3.
Distribution of participant responses for engaging in negative health behaviors during COVID-19.
Percentages less than 5% are not labeled.
Fig 4.
Comparison of self-reported psychological well-being scores during the COVID-19 pandemic by frequency of each health behavior.
Data are shown as mean standard error and p-values are from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.
Fig 5.
Comparison of self-reported physical health scores during the COVID-19 pandemic by frequency of health behaviors engagement.
Data are shown as mean ± standard error and p-values are from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.
Table 2.
Association of each health behavior and the reported decrease in psychological well-being during the pandemic between individuals who often/very often compared to rarely/never engaged in health behaviors. Results are predicted means and 95% confidence intervals from linear model analysis adjusted for age, gender, worked in patient care, had school aged children, near high-risk relatives and in high-risk group. Negative values indicate a reduction in psychological well-being decline while positive values indicate an increase in physical health decline.
Table 3.
Effect of each health behavior on the reported decrease in physical health during the pandemic between individuals who often/very often compared to rarely/never engaged in health behaviors. Results are predicted means and 95% confidence intervals from linear model analysis adjusted for age, gender, worked in patient care, had school aged children, near high-risk relatives and in high-risk group. Negative values indicate a reduction in psychological well-being decline while positive values indicate an increase in physical health decline.
Fig 6.
Average self-reported physical health ratings before or during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals who engaged during the pandemic in more than 3 (A), 4 (B), or 5 (C) positive health behaviors (dark blue lines) compared to those who did not (light blue lines).
Values are presented as mean (standard deviation).
Table 4.
Association between the sum of health behaviors and decrease in physical health from before to during the pandemic. Results are from linear model analysis adjusted for age, gender and additional covariates. Negative values indicate a reduction in physical health decline while positive values indicate an increase in physical health decline.