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Fig 1.

An illustration of preceding and succeeding sets of blocks for a base block .

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Fig 2.

Section view of the mining-based perturbation for swapping the mining periods of blocks and .

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Fig 3.

Graphical representations of different perturbations.

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Table 1.

Block model and waste dump parameters.

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Table 2.

Economic and technical parameters.

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Table 3.

Operational parameters (capacities per period).

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Table 4.

Number of variables and constraints before and after applying the variable reduction technique.

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Table 5.

Performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm compared to the exact method.

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Table 6.

Production plan produced by the exact method for Case A.

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Table 7.

Production plan produced by the SA-based algorithm for Case A.

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Fig 4.

Evolution of NPV over execution time.

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Fig 5.

The distribution of NPV improvement instances across different perturbation types.

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Fig 6.

Change in temperature with improvement in NPV.

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Table 8.

Material flows produced by the initial solution (HVS heuristic).

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Table 9.

Material flows produced by the proposed SA-based algorithm.

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Fig 7.

Cut-off grade in each period before and after SA.

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