Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Key Variables.
Table 2.
Results of the Baseline Regression.
Fig 1.
Parallel trends test of the CII policy’s effect on elderly mental health.
Notes: Estimated coefficients with 95% confidence intervals show no significant differences before policy implementation, supporting the DID assumption.
Fig 2.
Placebo test of the CII policy’s effect on elderly mental health.
Notes: Estimated coefficients with 95% confidence intervals indicate no significant effects under placebo assignments, confirming robustness.
Table 3.
Robustness Estimates Using Alternative Econometric Models.
Table 4.
Robustness Estimates of PSM-DID.
Table 5.
Mediation Effect Test of Healthcare Service Utilization Pathways.
Table 6.
Mediation Effect Test of Healthcare Expenditure Pathways.
Table 7.
Mediation Effect Test of Health Insurance Reimbursement Pathways.
Table 8.
Mediation Effect Test of Financial Risk Pathways.
Table 9.
Mediation Effect Test of Social Support Mechanisms.
Table 10.
Empirical Results of Heterogeneity by Income Groups.
Table 11.
Empirical Results of Heterogeneity by Health Groups.
Table 12.
Empirical Results of Heterogeneity by Regional Groups.