Fig 1.
Synthesis pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in leaf tissue [17]. TIAs pathway consists of three indole pathways, terpenoid pathway and alkaloid pathway, the final products of terpenoid and indole pathways enter the alkaloid pathway with the activity of STR enzyme and make compounds of indole terpenoid alkaloids in leaf and root tissues.
Fig 2.
Schematic view of the poplin related to the study stages.
In three parts: physiological (Total Yield), Gene Expression, and biochemical (Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants: phenol, Total Flavonoid Content, vinblastine and vincristine alkaloids).
Fig 3.
A: Control seedlings and B: Seedlings under drought stress of 40%.
Table 1.
Name, sequence, annealing temperature, accession number and amplified fragment of primers.
Fig 4.
The graph of changes in the relative expression of A, B and C, respectively, Cm, As and Tdc gene over time (24, 48, 72 and 168 hours).
D100.T250, D40.T0 and D40.T250, respectively: combined treatment of 250 mg/liter tryptophan and drought 100 crop capacity, combined treatment of zero mg/liter tryptophan and drought 40% crop capacity and combined treatment of 250 mg/liter tryptophan and drought 40% of agricultural capacity. *: significance at the 95% statistical confidence level and **: significance at the 99% statistical confidence level.
Fig 5.
The graph of changes in the relative expression of A, B, C and D, respectively, Sls, Str, Dat and Prx gene over time (24, 48, 72 and 168 hours).
D100.T250, D40.T0 and D40.T250, respectively: combined treatment of 250 mg/liter tryptophan and drought 100 crop capacity, combined treatment of zero mg/liter tryptophan and drought 40% crop capacity and combined treatment of 250 mg/liter tryptophan and drought 40% of agricultural capacity. *: significance at the 95% statistical confidence level and **: significance at the 99% statistical confidence level.
Table 2.
Results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) regarding the effects of drought stress treatment and the amino acid tryptophan at various time intervals on the alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine in the periwinkle plant.
Fig 6.
Comparison of the response of drought stress treatments (100 and 40% of field capacity) to different amino acids tryptophan (0 and 250 mg/L) at different times (72 and 168 hours), based on vincristine (A) and vinblastine (B) traits.
Columns with the same letters are not significantly different based on Duncan’s range test at the 5% error probability level.
Table 3.
Analysis of variance results for the effect of drought stress treatment and tryptophan amino acid on the physiological indices of the periwinkle plant.
Fig 7.
Comparison of the mean response of drought stress treatments (100 and 40% of field capacity) with different concentrations of the amino acid tryptophan (0 and 250 mg/L) at various times (24, 48, 72 and 168 hours) in terms of phenol (A) and flavonoid (B) traits.
Columns with similar letters are not significantly different at the 5% error probability level according to Duncan’s test.
Fig 8.
Comparative analysis of drought stress treatment response with the amino acid tryptophan concerning total plant dry weight trait.