Fig 1.
Flowchart of data selection.
Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with adequately or inadequately controlled postoperative pain.
Table 2.
Postoperative complications in patients with adequately or inadequately controlled postoperative pain.
Fig 2.
Influence of quality indicators of pain therapy on the occurrence of postoperative inpatient complications.
Inadequately controlled pain was defined as pain with movement NRS > 3 at least once within postoperative days 1-3, events with an NRS > 6 were considered as pain peaks, and slow pain recovery was defined as a time above the median to reach sustained pain scores below 4 (11-point NRS) *Average marginal effects controlled for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification score, Body Mass Index, and groups of surgery.
Fig 3.
Influence of quality indicators of pain therapy on the occurrence of prolonged analgesic use.
Inadequately controlled pain was defined as pain with movement NRS > 3 at least once within postoperative days 1-3, events with an NRS > 6 were considered as pain peaks, and slow pain recovery was defined as a time above the median to reach sustained pain scores below 4 (11-point NRS) *Average marginal effects controlled for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification score, Body Mass Index, preoperative opioid use, preoperative non-opioid use, preoperative co-analgesic use, and groups of surgery.