Fig 1.
Review of VR devices used for visual field testing in the literature. (A) Type of VR devices used for visual field testing in the literature. Three most commonly used headsets: (B) Pico Neo 3, (C) Oculus Quest 2, and (D) HTC Vive. (E) Percent maximum luminance of VR devices compared to that of conventional perimeters.
Table 1.
Commercially available devices used for visual field testing reported in the literature, their marketed device name, and reported maximum luminance.
Fig 2.
Handheld luminance meter setup and measurment of VR headsets. (A) SM208 handheld luminance meter. (B) Handheld luminance meter on an Oculus Quest 2 headset. (C) Handheld luminance meter measurements on Pico Neo 3, Oculus Quest 2, and HTC Vive at RGB values of 0 to 255 (top row), with corresponding dB values assuming background luminance of 10 cd/m2 (bottom row).
Fig 3.
Spectroradiometer setup and luminance measurements of VR headsets across RGB values and eccentricities. (A) CAS140 spectroradiometer with TOP 150 optical probe. (B) Custom 3D-printed 2 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm apertures. (C) Spectroradiometer measurements of Pico Neo 3, Oculus Quest 2, and HTC Vive at RGB values of 0 to 255 using 2 mm, 4 mm and 8 mm apertures (top row), with corresponding dB values assuming background luminance of 10 cd/m2 (bottom row). (D) Spectroradiometer measurements of Pico Neo 3, Oculus Quest 2, and HTC Vive at RGB values of 0 to 255 at 0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees (top row), with corresponding dB values assuming background luminance of 10 cd/m2 (bottom row).
Fig 4.
Calculated dB values for VR headsets with varying background luminance and eccentricities. (A) Calculated dB values assuming background luminance of 1, 5, and 10 cd/m2 for the Pico Neo 3 based on spectrometer measurements using 4 mm aperture at 0 degrees and (B) 30 degrees. (C) dB values assuming background luminance of 1, 5, and 10 cd/m2 for the Oculus Quest 2 based on spectrometer measurements using 4 mm aperture at 0 degrees and (D) 30 degrees. (E) dB values assuming background luminance of 1, 5, and 10 cd/m2 for the HTC Vive based on spectrometer measurements using 4 mm aperture at 0 degrees and (F) 30 degrees.