Fig 1.
Location of skin incisions for the utility port and camera port.
Fig 2.
Instruments used for decortication.
Fig 3.
Decortication performed using a peanut dissector sponge (A) and periosteum dissector (B).
Table 1.
Patient characteristics between two groups (N = 393).
Table 2.
Perioperative and postoperative findings between the two groups.
Fig 4.
Postoperative pain score compared between two approaches.
(A) full patient cohort and (B) Propensity-matched patient cohort.
Table 3.
Multivariable regression analysis for outcome variables comparing between the two groups (VATS versus OT).