Fig 1.
Abbreviations: CPPE: Complicated parapneumonic effusion, IET: Intrapleural enzyme therapy (tPA/DNase), NS: Normal saline, CXR: Chest X-ray, US: Ultrasound, CT scan: Computed Tomography scan. *Chest drain blockage is assessed by lack of tidaling, lack of fluid drainage, and presence of pleural fluid on US exam.
Table 1.
Patient categories based on chest tube and treatment status organized into ordinal levels in a multistate modeling framework.
Fig 2.
*If a chest CT scan is available, there is no need for chest X-ray. ** Starting immediately upon randomization, or if recently flushed, 6 ± 2 hours after the chest drain was flushed.
Table 2.
Imaging data collected on day of chest drain removal.