Fig 1.
Integrated drive axle housing 3D model.
Table 1.
Material data for integrated drive axle housing.
Table 2.
Main parameters of the whole vehicle.
Fig 2.
Finite element model of integrated drive axle housing.
Fig 3.
Integrated drive axle housing meshing.
Fig 4.
Constraint and load application at maximum vertical load.
Fig 5.
Maximum vertical load displacement clouds.
Fig 6.
Stress cloud of maximum vertical loading.
Fig 7.
Constraints and loads applied under maximum drive conditions.
Fig 8.
Displacement cloud of maximum driving force working condition.
Fig 9.
Stress cloud of maximum driving force working condition.
Fig 10.
Constraint and load application in emergency stop condition.
Fig 11.
Displacement cloud of emergency stop condition.
Fig 12.
Emergency stop condition stress map.
Fig 13.
Constraint and load application for maximum lateral force condition.
Fig 14.
Maximum lateral force displacement map.
Fig 15.
Stress cloud of maximum transverse force.
Fig 16.
Modal boundary constraints.
Table 3.
First six orders of intrinsic frequency.
Fig 17.
Vibration patterns of the first six sets of modal analysis.
Table 4.
Dimensional optimization comparison chart.
Fig 18.
Model optimization structure selection diagram.
Fig 19.
Displacement cloud of maximum vertical loads.
Fig 20.
Maximum vertical load stress clouds.
Fig 21.
Displacement cloud of maximum driving force working condition.
Fig 22.
Maximum driving force working condition stress map.
Fig 23.
Displacement cloud of emergency stop condition.
Fig 24.
Emergency stop condition stress map.
Fig 25.
Displacement cloud for maximum lateral force condition.
Fig 26.
Maximum transverse force working condition stress clouds.
Table 5.
First six orders of intrinsic frequency.
Fig 27.
Shape of the first six orders of modal analysis.
Table 6.
Quality data before and after optimization.
Table 7.
Integrated drive axle housing material configuration.
Fig 28.
Displacement cloud for maximum vertical load condition.
Fig 29.
Maximum vertical loading condition stress map.
Fig 30.
Displacement cloud of maximum driving force working condition.
Fig 31.
Stress cloud for maximum driving force condition.
Fig 32.
Emergency stop condition displacement map.
Fig 33.
Emergency stop condition stress map.
Fig 34.
Displacement cloud at maximum lateral force condition.
Fig 35.
Stress map for maximum transverse force condition.
Table 8.
First six orders of intrinsic frequency for Option 2.
Fig 36.
First six orders of modal shapes.
Table 9.
Quality data before and after optimization.
Table 10.
Comparison of the displacement results of the two schemes for each working condition.
Table 11.
Comparison of stress results for the two scenarios.
Table 12.
Comparison of inherent frequency results for the two schemes.
Table 13.
Quality assessment results comparing the two design options.