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Fig 1.

Stratigraphic lithology typical failures modes of the soil slope of the Kapo.

(a) Vertical rhythmic layer. (b) Slope gully erosion. (c) Penetrated gully. (d) Slope cracks and gully.

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Fig 2.

History data about the daily and cumulative rainfall.

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Table 1.

Physical properties of the raw soil mass for tests.

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Table 2.

Physical properties of the fine sand for tests.

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Table 3.

Physical properties of the mixed silty sand for tests.

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Fig 3.

Compaction curve.

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Fig 4.

Particle size distribution of three typical soils.

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Fig 5.

The self-designed instrument.

(a) Diagrammatic sketch sensor laying locations. (b) Practicality picture.

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Table 4.

Comparison table of test parameters.

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Fig 6.

Profile of sampling points and generalised thickness of soil layers.

(a) Sampling point profile. (b) Thickness of different layers.

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Table 5.

3-group physical modeling of rainfall erosion damage processes.

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Fig 7.

Overall morphological characteristics of gully erosion.

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Fig 8.

Microscopic pore changes in soil mass.

(a) Intergranular pores of undisturbed soil. (b) Intergranular pores at saturated water content.

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Fig 9.

Contour map of soil slope moisture content variation.

(a) Model-H1. (b) Model-H2. (c) Model-H3.

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Fig 10.

Variation of pore water pressure of soil slope with rainfall profile.

(a) Model-H1. (b) Model-H2. (c) Model-H3.

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Fig 11.

The relationship between the soil pressure and rainfall duration.

(a) Model-H1. (b) Model-H2. (c) Model-H3.

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