Fig 1.
TA, the club speed reaches 0.1 mph; HB, the lead arm moves clockwise to the horizontal plane (virtual coordinate); TOP, the angular velocity of the club is 0; HD, the lead arm moves counterclockwise to the horizontal plane; CP, the club moves counterclockwise to the horizontal plane; IMP, one frame before the club head hits the ball.
Table 1.
Backswing Kinematic Parameters.
Table 2.
Transition Kinematic Parameters.
Table 3.
Downswing Kinematic Parameters.
Fig 2.
GRF at different swing moments.
(a) The GRF at swing moments during the backswing;(b) The GRF at swing moments during the downswing. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Fig 3.
Angular impulse at different swing moments.
(a-e) Horizontal angular impulse at different swinging moments; (f-j) Frontal angular impulse at different swinging moments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Fig 4.
Time series of Pelvis, Torso, Lead arm and Club angular velocities.
Swing Cycle is the TA to IMP normalized time.
Fig 5.
Swing Cycle is the TA to IMP normalized time.
Fig 6.
Time series of angular impulse.
Swing Cycle is the TA to IMP normalized time.