Fig 1.
Theoretical framework.
Fig 2.
The research process based on the explanatory sequential mixed method (Creswell, 2014).
Table 1.
Design of “coding adventure” prototype.
Fig 3.
Testing of prototype “coding adventure” (Source: Authors’ work).
Table 2.
Survey demographic profile.
Table 3.
Interview demographic profile.
Table 4.
The Measurement Model Assessment Results.
Table 5.
Discriminant validity (Fornell-Larcker criterion).
Table 6.
Discriminant validity (HTMT criterion).
Table 7.
Hypotheses testing results.
Table 8.
The effect sizes of hypotheses.
Table 9.
Interview themes and codes.
Table 10.
Pillar integration of quantitative and qualitative data.
Table 11.
Pillar integration of invalid gamification element in prototype.