Fig 1.
Map with the location of the main sites mentioned in the text.
Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from Antonio Montufo Martín.
Fig 2.
Map with the location of El Peñon de las Juntas settlement and Los Milanes cemetery.
Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from Antonio Montufo Martín.
Fig 3.
Orthophotography (left) and Digital Elevation Model (right) with the location of the 18 tombs at Los Milanes cemetery.
Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from José Antonio Benavides López.
Fig 4.
Tomb 8 at Los Milanes cemetery.
Top: Tomb 8 excavated. Bottom left: excavation process; Bottom right: long bones after cleaning.
Fig 5.
Variability of burning degree by anatomical regions.
Black colour clusters degrees 1, 2 and 3 and yellow 4 and 5.
Fig 6.
Heat-induced changes found at Los Milanes.
A: colour pattern with higher degree of burning in the external cortical of a long bone. B: colour pattern with higher degree of burning in the internal versus the external surface of a skull fragment. C: warping on a left humerus. D: left talus with patina.
Table 1.
Colour patterns found at Tomb 8 (n = 5238).
Fig 7.
Proportional mass of anatomical categories (blue rhombuses) compared with the expected proportions (black lines) calculated via the linear regression developed by Gonçalves et al. [44].
Table 2.
Radiocarbon dates, strontium isotope values, strontium concentrations, and carbon isotope signatures from the sampled individuals at Tomb 8.
Fig 8.
Bayesian model of radiocarbon dates from the Tomb 8 at Los Milanes cemetery.
Fig 9.
KDE-modelled distribution of dates from the Tomb 8 at Los Milanes cemetery.
Fig 10.
Scatterplot of IRSF to C/C values according to the degree of burning and the type of bone.
The error bars indicate the 1st and the 3rd quartiles.
Fig 11.
CN/P ratios of the eight calcined samples.
Blue line indicates the > 0.02 threshold (Salesse et al. 2021 [80]).
Fig 12.
Scatterplot of δ13C to δ18O values according to the degree of burning and the type of bone.
Fig 13.
Scatterplot of 87Sr/86Sr ratio to [Sr] values of five calcined humeri.
The two circles represent the two identified groups.
Fig 14.
Geological map based on Mapa Geológico de la Península Ibérica, Baleares y Canarias a escala 1:1.000.000, 2015 [103] (https://info.igme.es/cartografiadigital/geologica/Geologicos1MMapa.aspx?Id=Geologico1000_(2015)&language=en), using the lithology and lower geological age categories.
The cross represents the location of Los Milanes and the coloured dots represent the locations of plants collected and analysed by Frank et al. [102] with the colour showing their strontium isotope ratios. The circles are 5, 10 and 20 km around the site. Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from Hannah F. James.