Fig 1.
Global age‒sex distributions of the prevalence and YLDs of ARoHL in 2021.
This figure illustrates the global age‒sex distribution of the prevalence of ARoHL and the YLDs in 2021, displaying the ASPR/ASYR per 100,000 and the number of cases/YLDs for different age groups and sexes. The lines indicate the ASPR/ASYR per 100,000, with shaded areas indicating the 95% uncertainty interval. The bars represent the number of cases/YLDs. Red represents females, and blue represents males. (A) Number of cases and the ASPR; (B) YLDs and the ASYR.
Fig 2.
Correlation between the SDI and the ASPR/ASYR of ARoHL across 21 GBD superregions.
This figure shows the correlation between the SDI and the ASPR/ASYR of ARoHL across 21 GBD superregions. Different colored shapes represent different GBD superregions. The blue curve shows the relationship between the SDI and the ASPR/ASYR, with the shaded area indicating the 95% confidence interval. (A) ASPR vs. SDI; (B) ASYR vs. SDI.
Fig 3.
Decomposition analysis of factors influencing the number of cases/YLDs of ARoHL.
This figure presents the results of the decomposition analysis, which assessed the effects of population growth, epidemiological changes, and aging on the number of cases/YLDs of ARoHL over the past 32 years. It highlights the contributions of each factor to the overall changes in the number of cases/YLDs. The black dots represent the cumulative changes resulting from the combined effects of all three factors. For each individual factor, a positive value reflects an increase in the relevant measure due to that factor, whereas a negative value indicates a decrease in the metric associated with that factor. (A) Number of cases; (B) Number of YLDs.
Fig 4.
This figure presents the health inequality analysis conducted using the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration indices of the ASPR and ASYR for ARoHL from 1990–2021. This highlights the disparities in the ARoHL burden among different socioeconomic groups, with a specific emphasis on populous countries such as China and India. Blue represents 1990, and red represents 2021. Each dot represents a different country or territory, with the size of the dot indicating the population of that country or territory. (A) Health inequality regression curves for the ASPR of ARoHL. (B) Concentration curves for the ASPR of ARoHL. (C) Health inequality regression curves for the ASYR of ARoHL. (D) Concentration curves for the ASYR of ARoHL.
Fig 5.
Bayesian age‒period‒cohort (BAPC) analysis projections for the ARoHL burden, 1990–2040.
This figure presents BAPC model projections for global ARoHL burden indicators. The analysis includes projections for future trends, highlighting the expected changes in the ARoHL burden over time. This figure provides insights into the potential future effect of ARoHL on global health. (A) Number of cases; (B) ASPR; (C)Number of YLDs; (D) ASYR.