Fig 1.
The schematic of the bypass models with 30°(a), 60°(b) and 90°(c) graft angles.
Ideally, the normal inlet flow should be reversed by the higher graft flow to increase overall perfusion. (d) The schematic of the flow loop. Notice the normal inlet was designed to be freely reversed.
Fig 2.
The streamline and velocity contour plot for the PIV and CFD at inlet/graft = 3/10 & 3/20 ml/min for 30° (a & d), 60° (b & e) and 90° (c & f). Note: These are vector fields for two typical cases. The rest of the cases are not shown.
Fig 3.
The reversed flowrate portion for all the cases for inlet from 0 (a), 3 (b) and 5 (c) ml/min.
The reverse percentage was calculated as the negative (reversed) inlet flow divided by the outlet flow.
Fig 4.
The WSS distribution in the MV for top (a-c) and bottom (d-f) walls, with the same 5 ml/min inlet.
+ MV represents outlet while -MV represents inlet.