Fig 1.
Sensor node perception framework.
Fig 2.
The sensing area of sensor in terms of square.
Fig 3.
The influence of directional information on the convergence direction.
Fig 4.
Schematic diagram of optimal boundary control mechanism.
Fig 5.
Convergence curves of SBOA improved by different strategies.
Table 1.
Compare algorithm parameter settings.
Table 2.
CEC2017 benchmark function experiment results(dim = 30).
Table 3.
CEC2017 benchmark function experiment results(dim = 100).
Table 4.
CEC2022 benchmark function experiment results(dim = 20).
Fig 6.
Ranking distribution statistics.
Fig 7.
Convergence curves of different algorithms on CEC2017 functions (dim = 30,100) and CEC2022(dim = 30).
Fig 8.
Box plots of different algorithms on CEC2017 functions (dim = 30,100) and CEC2022 functions (dim = 20).
Table 5.
-value on CEC2017 (dim = 30).
Table 6.
-value on CEC2017 (dim = 100).
Table 7.
-value on CEC2022 (dim = 20).
Fig 9.
Comparison of computation time cost between ASBOA and SBOA.
Fig 10.
Different indexes change in ASBOA optimization process.
Table 8.
Statistics of WSN experiment results.
Fig 11.
WSN convergence curve.
Fig 12.
WSN optimized by different algorithms.
Fig 13.
Three bar truss structure.
Table 9.
Experimental results of three-bar truss design.
Fig 14.
Stretch/compress spring structure.
Table 10.
Experimental results of tension/compression spring design.
Fig 15.
Schematic representation of Cantilever beam.
Table 11.
Experimental results of cantilever beam design.