Table 1.
Water quality factors across river types and flow conditions.
Fig 1.
Community compositions of macroinvertebrates (a) and fish (b) across river types and flow conditions.
NH, natural high-flow (Yongding River); NL, natural low-flow (Gaojinggou River); AH, artificial high-flow (Yongding River Diversion Channel); AL, artificial low-flow (Renmin Channel), The same below.
Fig 2.
NMDS analyses of macroinvertebrate (a) and fish (b) community composition across river types and flow conditions (based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficient).
Fig 3.
Redundancy analyses (RDAs) of benthic invertebrate (a) and fish (b) community compositions in relation to water quality factors across river types and flow conditions.
T, Temperature; DO, Dissolved Oxygen; COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand; TP, Total Phosphorus; F, Fluoride; S, Sulfide.
Table 2.
Contribution of water quality factors to the variation in macroinvertebrate and fish community composition in the RDAs.
Table 3.
Summary of ANOVAs examining the effects of river type, river flow and their interaction on species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, biomass of macroinvertebrate and fish communities.
Fig 4.
Species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and biomass of macroinvertebrates (a, b, c) and fish (d, e, f) across river types and flow conditions.
Data are presented as means+SE (n = 3). Within each panel, shared letters indicate means that are not significantly different from each other (Tukey HSD tests, P < 0.05).
Fig 5.
Correlations of species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and biomass of macroinvertebrates and fish versus water quality factors across river types and flow conditions.
Water quality factors: T (Temperature), pH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), NH4+, TP (Total Phosphorus), F (Fluoride), S (Sulfide). Pearson’s r values are shown; *, 0.01 < P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.