Fig 1.
Map of the 15 study sites illustrating the diversity of forest types and annual precipitation across Ivory Coast, West Africa.
National boundaries and waterways reprinted from OpenStretMap under a ODC-ODbL license.
Table 1.
List of the 8 socio-environmental factors studied to explain the variability of carbon stocks and gains from tree growth in the 150 cocoa fields.
Table 2.
Per cohort descriptive statistics (quantiles 5%, 50%, 95%) of carbon stocks and gains from tree growth.
Fig 2.
The distribution of carbon stocks across 150 cocoa fields is shown, with carbon stock on the x-axis and the density of values on the y-axis.
Fig 3.
Carbon accumulation of planted and spontaneous trees.
The points represent the observed carbon stock of trees, while the lines show the predicted temporal dynamics of carbon stock (a) and gain (b), with the 95% credibility intervals shaded. This figure is represented on a logarithmic scale.
Fig 4.
Effect of social, field, soil, and climate factors on plot-level carbon stock.
All covariates were standardized, allowing for direct comparison of their relative effects.
Fig 5.
Effect of soil, field, social, and climate factors on tree-level carbon gain.
All covariates were standardized, enabling direct comparison of their relative effects.
Table 3.
Top 30 Species by Carbon Stocks for Each Tree Origin (Remnant, Spontaneous, and Planted) in the 150 Studied Fields (240.5 ha).