Fig 1.
Multi-layer heterogeneous permeability 3D model.
(a) Model schematic. (b) Mesh generation.
Table 1.
Basic parameters of multi-layer heterogeneous reservoir model.
Fig 2.
Schematic diagram of artificial rock sample preparation and hydraulic fracturing device.
(a) Rock sample preparation and testing. (b) Data analysis.(c) Hydraulic fracturing equipment flow diagram.
Fig 3.
Comparison between numerical model and physical model test.
(a) Simulation results. (b) experimental results. (c) 3D reconstruction. (d) AE reconstruction.
Fig 4.
The temporal variation curves of crack propagation length in different permeability directions.
(a) The time series curves of crack propagation lengths in different permeability directions. (b) The initial fracture stage of the erack. (c) The stage or stable crack expansion. (d) The stage of stable crack expansion. (e) Crack formation stage.
Fig 5.
Cloud diagram of the effect of permeability distribution on fracture extension.
(a) “Low-Medium-High”. (b) “Low-Medium-High”
. (c) “Medium-Low-High”
. (d) “-Low-High-Medium”
.
Fig 6.
Curve of fracture propagation area under different permeability distributions.
(a) “Low-Medium-High, ”Crack area curve graph. (b) “Low-Medium-High,
” Crack area curve graph. (c) “Medium-Low-High,
” Crack area curve graph. (d) “-Low-High-Medium,
” Crack area curve graph.
Fig 7.
Cloud maps of the effect of multilayer permeability distribution on fracture extension.
Fig 8.
Curves of fracture propagation area and fracture circularity under multi-layer permeability models.
Fig 9.
Cloud maps of fracture propagation under different injection Rates.
Fig 10.
Curve of Fracture Extension Area under Different Injection Rates.
Fig 11.
Cloud map of the influence of fracturing fluid viscosity on fracture propagation.
Fig 12.
Curve of fracture extension area under different fracturing fluid viscosity.