Fig 1.
The direction of the magnetic force [1].
Fig 2.
The radius of this circular motion.
Table 1.
MOSRS’s pseudocode.
Fig 3.
Flowchart of MOSRS algorithm.
Table 2.
Hardest general multi-objective problems.
Table 3.
Commonly used metaheuristics Hyperparameters.
Table 4.
Real design multi-objective problems (Adapted from [33]).
Fig 4.
Schematic of some engineering problems [34].
Table 5.
IGD results.
Table 6.
SP results of algorithms in the CEC 2009 test functions.
Table 7.
MS results of algorithms in the CEC 2009 test functions.
Fig 5.
CEC 2009 rounds for some algorithms, highlighting MOSRS (UF1:UF4).
Fig 6.
CEC 2009 rounds for some algorithms, highlighting MOSRS (UF5:UF8).
Fig 7.
CEC 2009 rounds for some algorithms, highlighting MOSRS (UF9-UF10).
Fig 8.
Summarizing the IGD, SP, and MS results with a radar plot.
Fig 9.
Friedman tests for the CEC 2009 problems.
Fig 10.
Graphical assessment of competitive algorithms by IGD metric (UF1:UF6).
Fig 11.
Graphical assessment of competitive algorithms by IGD metric (UF7:UF10).
Fig 12.
Graphical assessment of competitive algorithms by SP metric (UF1:UF6).
Fig 13.
Graphical assessment of competitive algorithms by SP metric (UF7:UF10).
Fig 14.
Graphical assessment of competitive algorithms by MS metric (UF1:UF6).
Fig 15.
Graphical assessment of competitive algorithms by MS metric (UF7:UF10).
Table 8.
Mean HV.
Fig 16.
All bi-objective mechanical design optimization problems studied.
Fig 17.
Friedman test for the Engineering problems.