Fig 1.
Long Trends of the Dependent and Independent Variables.
Source: Author's compilation.
Fig 2.
Evolution of emissions from power generation by source in Malaysia since 2000.
Source: International Energy Agency (2025).
Fig 3.
Evolution of electricity generation sources in Malaysia since 2000.
Source: International Energy Agency (2025).
Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics.
Table 2.
Correlation Matrix.
Table 3.
Multicollinearity Test.
Table 4.
Model Set Test for Prais–Winsten AR(1) Regression.
Table 5.
Prais–Winsten AR(1) Regression with Iterated Estimates.
Table 6.
Results from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).