Fig 1.
Location of sampling areas in Mashhad city.
Table 1.
Health risk assessment variables for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.
Fig 2.
Comparison of heavy metals concentrations in bread with WHO/FAO standards, with Al, As, Cr, and Fe exceeding limits.
Table 2.
HI and HQ of heavy Metals in children and adults through bread consumption in all studied areas in Mashhad city.
Table 3.
Carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in bread in Mashhad for the child and adult populations in various areas.
Fig 3.
The cumulative distribution of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk index of heavy metals in children and adults due to bread consumption.
Fig 4.
The impact of various variables on non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices associated with bread consumption in children and adults.