Fig 1.
Graphical presentation of the intake of the industrial pollutant to acinar airways.
Fig 2.
A five-generation asymmetric model which is compatible with actual acinar airway geometry.
Fig 3.
Generated grids on the human alveolar sacs from (a) side view and (b) top view.
Fig 4.
A grid size of 257,785 cells was obtained after the grid independence test.
(a) Introduce the acinar middle plane (blue color). (b) Deposition fraction and WSS (wall shear stress) vs. Element Number curve on the acinar middle plane.
Table 1.
30% deposition in the acinar airway model after approximately 40 seconds for 1 μm droplets.
Fig 5.
The verification model has successfully passed through the validation process [33].
Fig 6.
The air velocity streamlines in the acinar airway model.
(a) 1 µm droplet inspiration. (b) 1 µm droplet expiration.
Fig 7.
Pressure variation in the acinar airway model.
(a) 1 µm droplet inspiration. (b) 1 µm droplet expiration.
Fig 8.
WSS variation in the acinar airway.
(a) 1 µm droplet inspiration. (b) 1 µm droplet expiration.
Table 2.
The mean pressure drop in the four cross-sections of Fig 9a relative to the model inlet airflow.
Fig 9.
The air velocity profile for inhalation based on lines in each central alveolar duct generation at peak inhalation.
(a) Cross-section Lines. (b) Velocity profile for selected locations.
Fig 10.
Deposition fraction variation versus particle diameter in the acinar airway.
Fig 11.
The alveolar sacs model that has been used with the equation of motion of the wall grid displacement as Eq. 5.
Fig 12.
Velocity vector variation in the acinar airway in the cross-sectional plane.
(a) 1 µm droplet inspiration. (b) 1 µm droplet expiration.
Fig 13.
Particle deposition contour in the acinar airway.
(a) 1 µm droplet inspiration. (b) 3 µm droplet inspiration.
Fig 14.
Deposition and WSS contours in the acinar airway with the 0.01 m/s velocity amplitude at 1 µm droplet inspiration.
(a) Particle deposition contour. (b) WSS contour. (c) Velocity streamline. (d) Pressure counter.