Table 1.
Brief description, collection and/or origin of the rice varieties investigated in this experiment carrying different alleles at the OsORAP1 locus using primer KAS_1_2 [33].
Fig 1.
Daily average ozone concentration in experimental location (Mymensingh) in the Boro rice growing seasons 2022.
Table 2.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of different traits (Molecular, Agronomic and physiological) of ten selected rice varieties grown in ozone-polluted location of Mymensingh, Bangladesh in irrigated ’22 season with the application of EDU or without application of EDU (control).
Fig 2.
Expression of OsORAP1 in 5 Kasalath-type and 5 Nipponbare-type rice varieties exposed to ambient ozone stress with the treatment of EDU and without EDU (control) at Real-time PCR data.
Means values and standard errors (n = 3) are shown. Asterisks indicate significant differences. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; no asterisks means not significant.
Fig 3.
Leaf bronzing scores of 5 Kasalath-type and 5 Nipponbare-type rice varieties exposed to ambient ozone concentration with and without application of ethylenediurea (EDU); bars indicate mean values of Mymensingh for Boro season 2022 with four replicates and standard errors (n = 4); asterisks above the bars indicate significant difference between control and EDU treatment with one variety by Tukey’s test (* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
Table 3.
Parameters of contrasting rice varieties exposed to control (without EDU) and EDU treated varieties in ambient ozone stress conditions.
Fig 4.
Yield parameters [a. Grain yield plant-1 b. Straw yield plant-1 and c. Harvest index (%)] of 5 Kasalath-type and 5 Nipponbare-type rice varieties grown in ambient ozone concentration with and without application of ethylenediurea (EDU); bars indicate mean values of Mymensingh for irrigated season 2022 with four replicates and standard errors (n = 4); asterisks above the bars indicate significant difference between control and EDU treatment with one variety by Tukey’s test (* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).
Fig 5.
Physiological traits [a. Simple ratio (SR) and b. Structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI)] of 5 Kasalath-type and 5 Nipponbare-type rice varieties grown in ambient ozone concentration with and without application of ethylenediurea (EDU); bars indicate mean values of Mymensingh for irrigated season 2022 with four replicates and standard errors (n = 4); asterisks above the bars indicate significant difference between control and EDU treatment with one variety by Tukey’s test (* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).