Table 1.
Parameters comparison between the healthy and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT1) group.
Fig 1.
Coagulation differences between healthy donors and DMT1 patients.
(A) prothrombin time (PT) expressed as international normalized ratio (INR), (B) activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). DMSO was used as the vehicle control with a final concentration of 1% and heparin (indirect anticoagulant as the positive control) at a final concentration of 5 and 0.5 IU/mL for PT and aPTT assays, respectively. The final concentration for all tested direct anticoagulants was 1 µM. Normality (based on the Shapiro-Wilk test) was observed for DMSO-INR, rivaroxaban-INR, apixaban-INR, and dabigatran-aPTT in both data sets, hence, the Student’s t-test was employed. The Mann-Whitney test was carried out in all other cases. Data are shown as median (mean) with 95% confidence intervals. *** p < 0.001. Dotted lines represent physiological values of INR (0.8 to 1.2) and reference values of the manufacturer for aPTT (29 to 42 seconds).
Fig 2.
Differences in prothrombin time (PT) based on the age ranges in healthy donors and DMT1 patients after treatment with anticoagulants.
(A) heparin, (B) rivaroxaban, (C) apixaban, (D) dabigatran, (E) argatroban, and (F) linear regression between the effect and age in case of significant or nearly significant relationships. PT was expressed as international normalized ratio (INR). The Gaussian distribution was observed in most cases, and hence the unpaired Student’s t-test was employed. In other cases (heparin age categories 30y+ and dabigatran 30-39y) the Mann-Whitney test was performed. Data are shown as mean (median) ± 95% confidence intervals. *** p < 0.001.
Fig 3.
Differences in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) based on the age ranges in healthy donors and DMT1 patients after treatment with anticoagulants.
(A) heparin, (B) rivaroxaban, (C) apixaban, (D) dabigatran, (E) argatroban, and (F) linear regression between the effect and age in case of significant or nearly significant relationships. In all age groups 30-39y, heparin 20-29y, rivaroxaban 40-49y, and apixaban 50-59y groups, the Gaussian distribution was not confirmed, and hence the Mann-Whitney test was performed; in all other cases, the unpaired Student’s t-test was employed. Data are shown as median ± 95% confidence intervals in all cases. *** p < 0.001.
Fig 4.
Differences in prothrombin time (PT) based on the body mass index (BMI) range in healthy donors and DMT1 patients after treatment with anticoagulants.
(A) heparin, (B) rivaroxaban, (C) apixaban, (D) dabigatran, (E) argatroban, and (F) linear regression between the effect and BMI categories in case of significant or nearly significant relationships. PT was expressed as an international normalized ratio (INR). In case of all BMI heparin groups and overweight patients with dabigatran, a non-Gaussian distribution was found, hence, the Mann-Whitney test was employed. In other cases, the unpaired Student T-test was used. Data are shown as mean (median) ± 95% confidence intervals. *** p < 0.001.
Table 2.
Correlations of selected biochemical profiles with the coagulation values.
Table 3.
Correlations of selected inflammatory markers to other anthropological and biochemical parameters.
Table 4.
Correlations of selected inflammatory markers with results of coagulation tests.