Fig 1.
Conceptual framework of the study.
Table 1.
Description, measurement and hypothesis for the selection variables.
Table 2.
Descriptive summary of categorical variables.
Table 3.
Descriptive summary of continuous variables.
Fig 2.
Relative weight of causes of urban expansion.
Table 4.
Use of compensation payment.
Table 5.
Consumption change after land expropriation.
Fig 3.
Challenges that farm households faced after expropriation and compensation.
Table 6.
Livelihood diversification or coping strategies after expropriation.
Table 7.
Farm households who get urban land in addition to the compensation.
Fig 4.
Reasons for selecting a livelihood source after expropriation.
Fig 5.
Perceived future livelihood outlooks.
Table 8.
Estimated results of binary logistic regression.