Table 1.
Bioclimatic variables.
Table 2.
Percentage of predicted suitable areas for the establishment of the pest Anastrepha fraterculus, and the parasitoids Doryctobracon areolatus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in the Americas in two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) at two periods.
Table 3.
The relative contribution of the bioclimatic variables for Random Forest models built for Anastrepha fraterculus, Doryctobracon areolatus, and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata.
Fig 1.
Top 10 countries with the largest suitable areas (Km2) for Anastrepha fraterculus.
Predicted suitable areas for the parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Doryctobracon areolatus and the pest A. fraterculus in current and future time predictions [(SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5), (2021-2040, 2041-2060)].
Fig 2.
Suitable areas predicted for Anastrepha fraterculus in the Americas.
(A). Suitable areas predicted in the current time period; (B-E). Suitable areas predicted under two future climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) (periods 2021-2040 and 2041-2060); (B) scenario SSP2-4.5 time period 2021-2060; (C) scenario SSP2-4.5 time period 2041-2060; (D) scenario SSP5-8.5 time period 2021-2040; (E) scenario SSP5-8.5 time period 2041-2060. The maps show suitability values in a green to-red color where: high suitable areas depicted in green color correspond to suitability values close to 1; moderately suitable areas illustrated in yellow designate suitability values close to 0.5; low suitable areas depicted in red show suitability values close to the threshold of the species (0.08); unsuitable areas represented by the absence of color correspond to values below the threshold and close to 0.
Fig 3.
Suitable areas predicted for Doryctobracon areolatus in the Americas.
(A) Suitable areas predicted in the current time period; (B-E). Suitable areas predicted under two future climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and periods (2021-2040 and 2041-2060); (B) scenario SSP2-4.5 time period 2021-2060; (C) scenario SSP2-4.5 time period 2041-2060; (D) scenario SSP5-8.5 time period 2021-2040; (E) scenario SSP5-8.5 time period 2041-2060. The maps show suitability values in a green to-red color where: high suitable areas depicted in green color correspond to suitability values close to 1; moderately suitable areas illustrated in yellow designate suitability values close to 0.5; low suitable areas depicted in red show suitability values close to the threshold of the species (0.31); unsuitable areas represented by the absence of color correspond to values below the threshold and close to 0.
Fig 4.
Overlapping suitable areas predicted for Doryctobracon areolatus and Anastrepha fraterculus in the Americas.
(A) Overlapped suitable areas predicted in the current time period; (B) Overlapped suitable areas predicted in the future 2041-2060 scenario SSP5-8.5.
Fig 5.
Suitable areas predicted for Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in the Americas
(A) Suitable areas predicted in the current time period; (B-E). Suitable areas predicted under two future climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and periods (2021-2040 and 2041-2060); (B) scenario SSP2-4.5 time period 2021-2060; (C) scenario SSP2-4.5 time period 2041-2060; (D) scenario SSP5-8.5 time period 2021-2040; (E) scenario SSP5-8.5 time period 2041-2060. The maps show suitability values in a green to-red color where: high suitable areas depicted in green color correspond to suitability values close to 1; moderately suitable areas illustrated in yellow designate suitability values close to 0.5; low suitable areas depicted in red show suitability values close to the species threshold (0.15); unsuitable areas represented by the absence of color correspond to values below the threshold and close to 0.
Fig 6.
Predicted overlapping suitable areas for the establishment of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Anastrepha fraterculus in the Americas.
(A) Overlapping suitable areas predicted in the current time period; (B) Overlapping suitable areas predicted in the future 2041-2060 scenario SSP5-8.5.