Table 1.
Metrics selected to measure the consumption of systemic antibiotics in Brazil and its states, 2014-2020.
Fig 1.
Consumption of systemic antibiotics measured by the number of dispensing records1 and number of standard units dispensed per inhabitant2 according to the state3, Brazil, 2014-2020.
Source: Study dataset, 2022. Notes: 1(n): Total number of dispensing records for antibiotics for systemic use (ATC J01) per inhabitant in each year of the study of all 27 states (Brazil). 2Total standard units dispensed per inhabitant in each year of the study of all the 27 states (Brazil). 3Brazilian States according to geographic region: Midwest: Mato Grosso (MT), Goiás (GO), Brasília, Federal District (DF), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). North: Tocantins (TO), Pará (PA), Amapá (AP), Roraima (RR), Amazonas (AM), Acre (AC), Rondônia (RO). Northeast: Bahia (BA), Sergipe (SE), Alagoas (AL), Pernambuco (PE), Paraíba (PB), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Ceará (CE), Piauí (PI), Maranhão (MA). South: Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR). Southeast: São Paulo (SP), Minas Gerais (MG), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Espírito Santo (ES).
Fig 2.
Community consumption of J01 antibiotics at national and state levels expressed as DDD per 1000 inhabitants and per day (DID), Brazil, 2014−2020.
Source: Study dataset, 2022. Note: 1DID refers to the DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day. 2CAGR = [(DIDend/DIDstart)^(1/N)]-1 (N = period). 3Trend- indicates that the change in consumption (↑ increase or ↓ decrease) was statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05%). 4 Refers to the average consumption of J01 weighted by the respective population of all 27 states (Brazil).
Fig 3.
Community consumption of systemic antibiotics, according to Therapeutic Subgroup ATC 3rd level, expressed as DDD per 1000 inhabitants and per day (DID) and relative consumption of total consumption, Brazil, 2014−2020.
Source: Study dataset, 2022. Note: 1DID refers to the Defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants and per day. 2CAGR = [(DIDend/DIDstart)^(1/N)]-1 (N = period). 3 Indicates ↑ increase or ↓ decrease in consumption statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05%). 4NA (non-applicable). Null DID values. 5Refers to the average consumption of J01 (ATC J01) weighted by the respective population of all the 27 states of Brazil.
Fig 4.
Relative annual consumption, expressed as % DDDs per 1000 inhabitants and per day (DID), of the therapeutic subgroups with the highest absolute consumption in the country (J01C, J01F, J01M and J01X), according to State1 of dispensing, Brazil, 2014-2020.
Source: Study dataset, 2022. Note: 1Brazilian States according to geographic region: Midwest: Mato Grosso (MT), Goiás (GO), Brasília – the Federal District (DF), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). North: Tocantins (TO), Pará (PA), Amapá (AP), Roraima (RR), Amazonas (AM), Acre (AC), Rondônia (RO). Northeast: Bahia (BA), Sergipe (SE), Alagoas (AL), Pernambuco (PE), Paraíba (PB), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Ceará (CE), Piauí (PI), Maranhão (MA). South: Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR). Southeast: São Paulo (SP), Minas Gerais (MG), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Espírito Santo (ES).
Fig 5.
Monthly community consumption of J01 antibiotics (ATC level 5) expressed as DID*.
Brazil, 2014-2020. Source: Study dataset, 2022. *Only antibiotics with a DID of ≥ 0.05- at some point throughout the time series were included.